27 Shocking Facts About Early Humans You’ve Never Heard Before

We like to think we’ve come a long way from our cave-dwelling ancestors—and in some ways, we definitely have. But the more we dig up from the past (sometimes literally), the clearer it becomes: early humans were far more clever, complex, and, frankly, weird than we ever imagined. From brain surgery with stone tools to prehistoric parties fueled by beer, their lives were filled with creativity, survival, and the occasional scandal. Whether you’re curious about where language came from or just want to know who got the first tattoo, these surprising facts about early humans might change how you see your own reflection.

Dogs Became Our Best Friends Early On

Around 15,000 years ago, humans gained a lifelong companion: the dog. The first domesticated breed was likely the Eurasian gray wolf. While experts debate the exact reason this partnership began, it’s clear that both species benefited. Wolves may have helped humans with hunting or guarded campsites, and in return, they were fed and protected.

Over generations, these wolves became tamer and more loyal, slowly transforming into the dogs we know today. This bond has lasted thousands of years, evolving from mutual survival to deep companionship. So next time you pet your pup, remember—it all started in the Stone Age.

Homo Sapiens Were the Last Ones Standing

Roughly 300,000 years ago, there were several human-like species living around the world. But by 100,000 years ago, only Homo sapiens—our direct ancestors—remained. What happened to the rest? Fossil evidence suggests Homo sapiens may have played a big role in wiping out the others. Some scientists believe hunting, especially of large animals like the woolly mammoth, sparked major competition. 

There’s also clear evidence of violence, especially between Homo sapiens and Neanderthals, likely over land and resources. With smarter tools, better strategies, and perhaps more teamwork, Homo sapiens came out on top, changing the future of humanity forever.

The Ancient Origins of Clothing

Before early humans invented clothing, body hair helped keep them warm. But as humans began to lose that natural covering, they turned to something new: clothing made from animal hides and fur. These early garments offered protection from the cold and made life in harsher environments possible. 

Based on DNA studies and migration patterns, scientists believe clothing first appeared around one million years ago. Genetic changes in skin color and movement into colder areas support this timeline. The invention of clothes marked a major turning point, helping early humans explore new lands and survive in more extreme climates.

All Humans Share One Female Ancestor

According to one fascinating theory, every person alive today can trace their maternal lineage back to a single woman in East Africa. Known as Mitochondrial Eve, she lived roughly 150,000 to 200,000 years ago. She wasn’t the only woman around at the time, but she’s the only one whose mitochondrial DNA (passed through mothers) still survives today. 

Scientists have used her genetic line to study how humans spread across the globe. Her unique DNA trail helps unlock secrets of migration and evolution. Though she wasn’t a queen or a leader, her genetic legacy makes her one of history’s most important women.